As we examine the finer structure of the auditory system, however, the structure-function relationship becomes less clear. ![]() On this gross level the structure-function paradigm is intuitive as vibrating membranes and lever systems have similar transduction roles in many non-organic facets of modern society. Early anatomical studies entailed understanding the relationship between structures such as the tympanic membrane or ossicles and their role in transmitting sound to the inner ear. In this issue, we explore the relationship between structure and function in the auditory system. The articles in this issue represent the cutting edge of today’s auditory science and look back at the evolution of hearing and balance, as well as forward toward improving cochlear implant outcomes and gene therapies for treating sensorineural hearing loss. This issue expounds on this theme by demonstrating the importance of anatomy, whether the shape of the otic capsule or the sequence of a gene, in determining the function of the system and even the phenotype of the organism. All these techniques continue to provide important insights into the structure and function of the auditory system on gross, cellular and molecular levels. More recently, studies of the auditory system have employed molecular biological techniques and novel imaging protocols. Further technical advances allowed the description of cells within these central auditory regions in both morphological and physiological terms. ![]() As new tools emerged the microscopic structure of the Organ of Corti was described and later the brain stem regions involved in auditory processing were identified. Early anatomical studies defined this relationship on a macroscopic level and described the roles of structures such as the tympanic membrane, ossicular chain, Eustachian tube and cochlea. This special issue of The Anatomical Record examines the relationship between structure and function in the auditory system.
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